A recent study led by Professor Mahyar Etminan from the University of British Columbia (UBC) has raised concerns about the potential side effect of hair loss linked to the obesity drug Wegovy. The research, published last month on the medical paper sharing site medRxiv, reveals that Wegovy, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) class drug developed by Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk, increases the risk of hair loss by 52% compared to traditional appetite suppressants.
The study compared the outcomes of two groups of adults with obesity who were prescribed either Wegovy (semaglutide) or the appetite suppressant Contrave (a combination of bupropion and naltrexone) between 2006 and 2020. The findings suggest that those using Wegovy experienced a significantly higher risk of hair loss, prompting experts to reconsider its use for patients who are particularly concerned about this side effect.
Understanding Wegovy’s Mechanism
Wegovy works by mimicking the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 hormone, which is naturally released in the intestine in response to food consumption. While it was originally developed to help regulate blood sugar by promoting insulin secretion, its weight loss effects have made it a popular treatment for obesity. The drug works by slowing digestion and helping individuals feel full after consuming smaller meals. Wegovy is often prescribed to patients struggling with obesity and its related complications, such as cardiovascular disease and obstructive sleep apnea.
However, while Wegovy has been hailed as a breakthrough in weight loss, it is not without its side effects. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, muscle wasting, and even suicidal impulses. Hair loss, although less discussed, has also been reported by many patients undergoing treatment.
Hair Loss and Nutritional Deficiencies
The UBC research team speculates that the 52% higher risk of hair loss linked to Wegovy may be a result of the drug’s powerful appetite-suppressing effects, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Mohit Sodhi, a member of the research team, explained that when patients consume fewer calories, they may not be getting enough essential nutrients—especially proteins—that are critical for healthy hair growth.
Hair loss, which affects a small percentage of patients undergoing treatment, has been documented in both clinical trials and post-marketing reports. In the phase 3 clinical trial of Wegovy, around 3% of severely obese adults and 4% of adolescents aged 12 to 17 experienced hair loss as a side effect. These numbers have been echoed by subsequent reports from U.S. patients using the drug.
Rapid Weight Loss and Disruption to the Hair Cycle
Beyond nutritional deficiencies, the research team suggests that rapid weight loss itself may contribute to hair loss by disrupting the natural hair growth cycle. Weight loss, especially when it occurs quickly, can trigger telogen effluvium, a condition where hair prematurely enters the shedding phase due to stress factors. As Wegovy promotes faster weight loss than other appetite suppressants like Contrave, it may exacerbate this issue, increasing the likelihood of hair loss.
Sodhi also highlighted that hormonal changes induced by GLP-1 class drugs could further contribute to hair loss symptoms, including androgenic alopecia (commonly known as male pattern baldness). These changes may interfere with the normal hair growth cycle, causing the hair to shed prematurely.
Expert Advice and Recommendations
As the evidence linking Wegovy to hair loss grows, experts are urging patients to consult with their healthcare providers before starting treatment. Dr. Priya Jaisinghani from NYU Langone Health emphasized the importance of discussing potential side effects with a physician. She stated that GLP-1 class drugs, while effective for weight loss, may cause significant hair loss in some patients. A careful assessment of the patient’s needs and health goals is crucial to determining whether these drugs are the right choice for them.
The UBC research team also noted that more studies are necessary to fully understand the correlation between Wegovy and hair loss. Further research could explore whether hair loss symptoms improve once the medication is discontinued, or whether the effects persist long term.
Conclusion
While Wegovy has proven effective in helping many individuals achieve significant weight loss, its potential to cause hair loss should not be overlooked. Patients considering the drug should have an open discussion with their healthcare provider about the risks and benefits, particularly if they are concerned about the impact on their hair. Ongoing research will be essential to determine the long-term effects of semaglutide and to refine recommendations for its use.
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